Periods Of History

'Chavanni' becomes a part of history

VARANASI: The 25 paise coin will cease to be a legal tender from Thursday, but join league with other out of circulation coins at the Bharat Kala Bhawan of Banaras Hindu University (BHU) and other museums of the country.

With this development, 'chavanni' will also be a part of history like other coins circulated by different rulers since the ancient period. The Bharat Kala Bhawan, known for its splendid collection in different fields, has a sizable collection of coins, including nearly 550 gold coins of different kings from the earliest times to present era. "We have a rich collection of over 33,000 coins that covers a period from the 6th century BC to the present era," Dev Prakash Sharma, director of Bharat Kala Bhawan, told TOI on Wednesday.

"Beside the rare coins, the museum also has a collection of currency notes of India and other countries that are presently in circulation," he said and added the study of coins (numismatic) has been considered as one of the most reliable sources to reconstruct the history. The study of coins related to the area and period concerned, supplied authentic and useful information regarding socio-political and cultural history of India. From about 7th-6th century BC, a new medium of transaction was evolved in the form of a currency known as coins, which replaced the earlier modes of transaction known as as barter system.

According to RP Singh, assistant curator, the collection of coins is a rich source of history for the visitors. The collection has some unique and historically important coins belonging to the periods of Kushanas, Guptas and Mughals. One of the rarest coins presented is the 'Ilahi' type 'Rama Siya' coin issued by the Mughal emperor Akbar. The earliest coins of India are known as 'punch marked', made in silver in different shapes. The symbols punched on the coins are either relate to a trade guild or a particular region. The Kushanas introduced gold coins while the Guptas also issued a rich variety of gold coins. The country during Sultanate period witnessed notable change in coins when the indigenous types were replaced by purely Islamic variety. A limited number of gold coins were in circulation during the l2th century AD. Mohammed-bin-sam, popularly known as Mohammed Ghori, is known to have issued the earliest Islamic coin in gold. The practice of minting coins was standardised by Iltutmish and the decentralisation of mints to elsewhere from Delhi was done by Balban. The Khalji ruler also minted gold and silver coins. When Sher Shah came into power, he introduced a number of changes in the fiscal policies including the shape, size and use of metals for coins.

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